Overview
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the common types of anemia, a condition in which the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen to body tissues.
As can be seen from the name, iron deficiency anemia is caused by iron deficiency. Without a sufficient amount of iron, your body cannot produce enough red blood cell material to enable it to transport oxygen (hemoglobin). As a result, iron deficiency anemia may make you feel tired and short of breath.
You can usually treat iron deficiency anemia with iron supplements. Sometimes further tests or treatments are required for iron deficiency anemia, especially if your doctor suspects internal bleeding.
Symptoms
Initially, iron deficiency anemia can be so slight that it is not noticed. However, the lower the level of iron in the body and the worse the anemia, the worse the signs of illness and symptoms.
Signs of the disease may include iron deficiency anemia and symptoms include:
Extreme fatigue
Weakness
Pallor of the skin
Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or shortness of breath
Headache, dizziness, or dizziness
Cold hands and feet
Inflammation or pain in the tongue
Brittle nails
Unusual craving for non-food items, such as ice, dust, or starch
Weak appetite, especially in infants and children who have iron deficiency anemia
When to see a doctor?
See your doctor, if you or your child have signs of iron deficiency anemia. You cannot diagnose or treat iron deficiency anemia on your own. Go to your doctor to confirm the diagnosis instead of taking iron supplements on your own. Iron overloading your body can be dangerous. Because an excess build-up of iron may damage your liver and other complications.
Ice craving and chewing: Is it a sign of anemia?
Request an appointment at the Mayo Clinic
the reasons
Anemia is caused by iron deficiency when your body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is part of the red blood cells that give blood its red color and help the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood in your body.
If you don't consume enough iron, or if you lose a lot of iron, your body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, and you will be vulnerable to anemia eventually due to iron deficiency.
The causes of anemia due to iron deficiency include the following:
Blood loss. The blood contains iron in the red blood cells. If you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women who have prolonged menstruation are at an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose profuse blood during menstruation. Chronic slow blood loss inside the body, such as blood from peptic ulcers, diaphragmatic hernia, colon polyp or rectum and colon cancer, causes anemia due to iron deficiency. Upper intestine chain bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.
Iron deficiency in your diet. Your body always draws iron from the food you eat. If you are consuming a small percentage of iron, your body will lack iron over time. Examples of foods rich in iron include meat, eggs, green fiber-rich vegetables, and foods fortified with folic acid. To keep infants and children growing and developing, babies need to get iron from their diet, too.
Inability to absorb iron. The iron absorbed from food runs through the bloodstream towards the small intestine. Bowel disturbances, such as PMS, affect your bowels' ability to absorb nutrients from digested food and lead to anemia due to iron deficiency. Surgical removal of part of your bowel can affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients.
Pregnancy. Without taking iron supplements, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their stockpile of iron should suffice to increase their blood volume and also be a source of hemoglobin to aid fetal development.
Risk factors
These groups of people may be at increased risk of iron deficiency anemia:
Women. Since women lose blood during menstruation, they are generally more likely to develop iron deficiency anemia.
Infants and children. Infants, especially those who have experienced low birth weight or are born prematurely and who do not get enough iron from breast milk or formula, may be at risk of iron deficiency. Children need additional iron during growth spurts. If your child does not eat a healthy and varied diet, he or she may be at risk of developing anemia.
Vegetarians. People who do not eat meat may be more likely to develop iron deficiency anemia if they do not eat other iron-rich foods.
Blood donors frequently. People who donate blood periodically may be at increased risk of iron deficiency anemia because donating blood can deplete iron stores. Low hemoglobin associated with blood donation may be a temporary problem that can be addressed by eating more iron-rich foods. If you are informed that you cannot donate blood due to low hemoglobin, ask your doctor whether or not you should be concerned.
Complications
Mild iron deficiency anemia usually does not cause complications. However, the iron deficiency anemia that is left untreated may become severe and lead to health problems, including the following:
Heart problems. Iron deficiency anemia can lead to a fast or irregular heartbeat. The heart has to pump more blood to make up for the blood-borne hypoxia of the anemic person. This can lead to an enlarged or failed heart.
Problems during pregnancy. With pregnant women, severe iron deficiency anemia is associated with premature birth and children with low weights. But this condition can be prevented with pregnant women who take iron supplements as part of prenatal care.
Growth problems. With infants and children, severe iron deficiency can lead to anemia as well as developmental delay. In addition, iron deficiency anemia may lead to increased susceptibility to infection.
protection
You can reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia by choosing foods rich in iron.
Choose foods rich in iron
Iron-rich foods include:
Red meat, pork and poultry
sea food
Legumes
Fiber vegetables with dark green leaves, such as spinach
Frozen fruits, such as raisins and apricots
Iron breakfast cereal, bread and pasta
Peas
Your body absorbs more iron from meat than other sources. If you choose not to eat meat, you may need to increase iron-rich vegetable foods to absorb the same amount of iron that is absorbed in another person eating meat.
Choose foods rich in vitamin C to increase iron absorption
You can increase your body's ability to absorb iron by drinking lemon juice or eating other foods rich in vitamin C at the same time that you eat foods rich in iron. Vitamin C is found in citrus juices, including orange juice, which helps the body absorb better iron.
We also find vitamin C in:
Broccoli (green cauliflower)
Grapefruit
Kiwi
Leafy vegetables
Watermelon
Orange
Pepper
the strawberry
Mandarin
tomatoes
Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants
To prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants, feed your child with breast milk or iron-fortified formulas for the first year. Cow's milk is not a source of iron for infants and is not recommended for infants under one year of age. After six months of age, start feeding your child breakfast cereal containing iron or mashed meat at least twice a day; To enhance the source of iron. After a year, make sure that children drink no more than 20 ounces (591 milliliters) of milk daily. A lot of milk often replaces foods, including iron-rich foods.
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