Important: Allowed and forbidden medicines for pregnant women
The use of the drug during pregnancy is often necessary in spite of some risks of the drug to the pregnant woman or her fetus in the event that a harmful drug is used during pregnancy. Therefore, diseases that affect the pregnant woman should be treated with the least medication, harmful to her and her fetus, and they should not be deprived of treatment, which is necessary because Fear of side effects, as neglecting its treatment may lead to exposing it to serious complications and the occurrence of abnormalities or miscarriage of the fetus, despite the potential danger to the fetus and the mother due to the medicine, but medical studies have shown that in many diseases the treatment necessary for diseases such as pressure, diabetes and asthma should not be delayed Heart failure, respiratory and urinary tract infections, and the suffering of the pregnant woman should be alleviated from the usual pregnancy problems such as nausea, constipation, anemia and general weakness.
Pregnancy months are divided into three seasons, the duration of each chapter is approximately three months, as follows: -
First trimester: (It is the first three months of pregnancy)
It is the most critical and dangerous period as it is the period of formation of the organs of the fetus, in which:
Most cases of deformities are formed, so it is preferable not to use drugs during this period except for drugs that have been proven safe during this period.
Second semester: (From 3 to 6 months):
It is the least critical period, but some medications and chemicals that may cause birth defects or fetal death should be avoided. Also, some organs continue to grow and others begin to form during this period, such as the face and limbs.
Chapter Three: (From 6 to 9 months):
During this period, most of the organs of the fetus are complete with the exception of the sexual organs and the brain, and for this it is forbidden to use female hormones or drugs that affect the level of those hormones, as well as psychological drugs, sedatives, drugs and alcohol should be avoided as they may cause mental retardation or a brain problem which leads to the death of the fetus before Or after birth. Severe withdrawal symptoms can also be observed in newborns who are born with addicted mothers.
All medications are prohibited during pregnancy until it is proven safe for the pregnant woman and the fetus based on clinical studies or a survey of the drug after
Marketing it (analyzing drug use and its harmful effects after marketing it).
Based on these studies, the American Food and Drug Administration classified the medications used during pregnancy into several categories, namely:
Category (A): These are drugs that clinical studies have proven completely safe for the mother and fetus.
Category (B): These are drugs that have proven safe in experimental animals, but their safety cannot be ascertained due to the lack of sufficient clinical studies, or that reproductive animal studies have shown certain damage that has not been documented in a study in humans.
Category (C): These are medications that have shown side effects on animal fetuses without a clinical study that supports animal studies, or there are no animal or human studies regarding their effect on pregnancy. This category of drugs is not used with a pregnant woman unless the desired benefit justifies the risk. Potential medication for the fetus.
Category (D): These are drugs that have proven risks to the mother and the fetus, based on clinical studies, but the mother’s interest may require them to take these medications.
Category (X): These are drugs that animal and clinical studies have proven to have a deforming effect on the fetus, and they should never be given to a pregnant woman.
Some common diseases and treatment during pregnancy and medications that should be avoided:
1) Asthma:
It is preferable to use extended bronchial sprays such as Ventoline, cortisone sprays and Intal sprays (provided all types of sprays are used in moderation), and oral corticosteroids may be accepted in acute asthma.
Singulair should be avoided because it is not necessary to control asthma symptoms and for lack of sufficient medical data.
2) cold symptoms:
Paracetamol and Pseudoephidrine are preferred and hypnotic antihistamines such as: Diphenhdramine, Chlorpheniramine, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, aspirin, as they may cause renal and cardiac damage to the fetus and their relaxing effect of the uterine muscle (delaying the birth time).
3) Headache:
Paracetamol is considered safe to relieve headaches during pregnancy while avoiding overeating, and NSAIDs and Ergotamine (cafargot) that may cause abnormalities or miscarriages should be avoided.
4) High blood pressure:
Alpha-methyl dopa is considered the safest anti hypertensive during pregnancy. Nifedipine, Astrolabe and hydroplane can be used with caution in hypo tension. Atenolol should be avoided, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (from 3 to 9 months) as it causes a drop in fetal pressure as it causes it Down in the sugar which leads to miscarriage in some cases.
As for ACEIs such as Capoten, Renetic or AII blockers such as Diovan or Cozar, both groups may cause permanent deformities in the kidney of the fetus.
5) diabetes:
Oral hypoglycemic agents can cross the placenta and reach the fetus leading to a decrease in the sugar level in the fetus, in contrast, insulin does not reach the fetus and therefore does not lead to a decrease in its sugar levels, and oral hypoglycemia is unable to control the level of pregnant sugar Insulin is the preferred option for many doctors to treat diabetes when pregnant.
6) Nausea and vomiting:
Meclizine is the preferred drug for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman, while Metoclopramide is safe during pregnancy, but it may cause neurological and motor disorders that become apparent to a woman if the duration of its use is prolonged.
7) Antibiotics:
Safe drugs include: Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, and all forms of (Erythromycin), except for the ester type (estolate). Clarithromycin and Quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin should be avoided because of their distorting effects on the cartilage that causes the fetus’s tones to After childbirth if used in the fourth month of pregnancy, as this period is considered the beginning of the formation of milky teeth.
8) Depression:
Studies have proven that tricyclic depression drugs such as Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline are safer on the fetus than modern depression drugs that lack adequate studies, especially regarding their long-term mental impact on children.
As for Prozac, it is safe except for the last trimester of pregnancy, as its effects fear the mental development of the fetus in general. It is not recommended to use depression medications during the last trimester of pregnancy for fear of withdrawal symptoms appearing on the newborn.
9) Medicines used to treat hyperthyroidism (goiter):
In a mother, such as Methimazole and iodine, a congenital hypothyroidism causes the baby to work.
Alcohol causes a group of well-known signs on the face of the newborn, such as small face, mental weakness, and developmental delay.
Thalidomide, which caused a catastrophe in the 1960s that led to the birth of thousands of mutilated people in Europe.
Warfarin, a drug used as an anticoagulant, causes warfarin syndrome (children with facial abnormalities, especially the nose, and mental retardation).
Finally, a pregnant woman or a woman who intends to have children should avoid taking any medications without a prescription and inform the obstetrician-gynecologist about any medications she was taking before pregnancy. If she wants to take medicines directly from the pharmacy, she must tell the pharmacist about her pregnancy so that she avoids the risk of exposure to medicines that are not suitable for her or that could harm her or her baby.
Permitted and prohibited medications during pregnancy and lactation:
Although a pregnant or breastfeeding mother takes the subject of an old debate and is one of the questions that are repeatedly asked by the pediatrician and obstetrician, medications must be classified according to their severity and safety for both the fetus and the baby because some medications may be harmful and should be avoided and the following information is taken from The American Academy of Pediatrics is not a justification for taking any medication.
The following information is not a justification for taking any medication before referring to a doctor.
The only medication that every pregnant woman must take is folic acid, which is given at a rate of 500 mcg, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. It benefits the mother and prevents anemia and benefits the fetus by preventing neurological abnormalities, especially the meningocele.
Medicines given to pregnant women with relative safety:
Avoid large doses of paracetamol.
Useful in preventing pregnancy poisoning by magnesium sulfate.
For women with diabetes insulin.
Antiemesis, such as metoclopramide, meclizine and pyridoxine.
Anti-allergic:
Chlorpheniramine and Terbrolidine:
Sulfa compounds and quinolones are not given to pregnant women (such as ciprofloxacin):
Antibiotics:
Such as Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Clavonic Acid, Cephalosporins, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Ticracillin, Prasacillin, Topical Antifungals, Rifampicin, Cimestidine.
Do not give: Gastrointestinal medications such as caolin, antacids and loperamide
Thyroid medications such as levothyroxine.
Vitamins and minerals such as iron and magnesium
Medicines that can be given to pregnant women, but with a very low risk of fetal impact
Aspirin has a greater risk of these drugs:
Analgesics such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, fentanyl, meperidine, morphine, naproxen, peroxicam and solindac
Antidepressants such as fluoxetine or Prozac:
Not all oral hypoglycemia is given.
Antiemesis and spasms, such as:
Dimenhydrinate
Granisetron
Ondansetron
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine
Scopolamine
Trimethobenzamide
Anti-allergic drugs, such as:
Astemizole
Brompheniramine
Cetirizine
Clemastine
Diphenhydramine
Fexofenadine
Hydroxyzine
Loratadine
Terfenadine
Hypoglycemic agents such as:
Cholestyramine
Colestipol
Antibiotics such as:
Acyclovir
Azithromycin
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Clarithromycin
Clindamycin
Imipenem-cilastatin
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Anticoagulants:
Dalteparin
Dipyridamole
Enoxaparin
Heparin
Ticlopidine
Heart and pressure medications such as:
Atenolol
Clonidine
Digoxin
Doxazosin
Hydralazine
Labetalol
Lidocaine
Methyldopa
Metoprolol
Prazosin
Procainamide
Propranolol
Quinidine
Terazosin
Timolol
Cough medicines:
Dextromethorphan
Gastrointestinal drugs:
Bismuth subsalicylate
Casanthranol
Cisapride
Dicyclomine
Docusate
H2-receptor antagonists
Lansoprazole
Omeprazole
Phenolphthalein
Senna
Simethicone
Sucralfate
Respiratory drugs such as:
Albuterol Ventolin
Beclomethasone (inhalation)
Cromolyn
Flunisolide (inhalation)
Ipratropium
---- proterenol
Nedocromil
Pirbuterol
Salmeterol
Theophylline
Triamcinolone (inhalation)
Sedatives:
Buspirone
Propofol
Zolpidem
Urinary system medications:
Allopurinol
Carisoprodol
Chlorzoxazone
Cyclobenzaprine
Flavoxate
Oxybutynin
Sumatriptan
Medications that are given with a possible risk to the fetus:
Analgesics: such
Aspirin
Codeine
Etodolac
Indomethacin
Ketorolac
Nabumetone
Oxaprozin
Propoxyphene
Tramadol
Neurological drugs: such
Carbamazepine
Clonazepam
Ethosuximide
Gabapentin
Lamotrigine
Antidepressants, such as:
Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Doxepin
Imipramine
Nefazodone
Nortriptyline
Trazodone
Venlafaxine
Oral hypoglycemia:
Glipizide
Glyburide
Fats:
Gemfibrozil
Some of these medications may cause hearing loss in the fetus:
Antibiotics:
Amikacin
Ethambutol
Fluconazole
Gentamicin
Isoniazid
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole (systemic)
Pentamidine
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin
Tobramycin
Trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole
Heart and pressure medications:
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Felodipine
Nifedipine
Nitrates
Verapamil
Cold and cough medicines:
Guaifenesin panolamine
Pseudoephedrine
Diuretics:
Amiloride
Bu ---- nide
Chlorthalidone
Chlorthiazide
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Hydrochloro-thiazide
Indapamide
Metolazone
Spironolactone
Torsemide
Triamterene
May inhibit glands: hormones and cortisone
Glucocorticoids (systemic)
Progestins
It may cause respiratory problems right after birth in the newborn:
Sedatives
Benzodiazepines
Thyroid medications may affect a fetus's thyroid:
Methimazole
Potassium iodide
Propylthiouracil
Other medications:
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine
Haloperidol
Pentoxifylline
Forbidden medicines to be given to a pregnant mother because of its association with a proven risk to the fetus:
Neurological drugs:
It causes hydrocephalus and facial abnormalities
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Primidone
Valproic acid
Psychiatric drugs:
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Fats:
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Antibiotics:
These medications may cause bone deformities?
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Tetracycline
Blood thinners:
Warfarin
It is considered a deformity, as it may cause mental retardation and bone deformities
Heart and pressure medications:
May cause fetal harm to the fetus
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors
Losartan
Digestion Medicines: Misoprostol
Oral contraceptives:
Estrogens
Oral contraceptives
Hypnotics and sedatives:
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
Vitamins and minerals:
It is considered deformed for the fetus and may cause cardiovascular abnormalities.
Isotretinoin
Lithium
Tamoxifen
Quinine
Certainly deformed fetus medications:
Impact on the fetus:
Fetal development fails
Mental retardation
Small skull
Ocular distortions
Articular abnormalities
Alcohol:
Remind the female fetus and genital mutilation.
Androgens and high doses of progesterone:
Fetal development fails
Multiple abnormalities
Aminopterin
Growth failure
Rabbit lip
busulfan
Genital malformations in females
diethylstilbestrol
Malformations of the heart, face and meningococcus.
Isotretinoin
Abnormalities in the extremities.
Medicines allowed to be given to the mother during breastfeeding:
The medications that have been observed are accompanied with important effects on infants and should be given with caution
Its effect on the infant
5-aminosalicylic acid diarrhea
Aspirin metabolic acid
Firm stiffness - irritability - poor feeding - tendency to sleep c
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